Spanning from Advent, which marks the beginning on the 30th of November or the nearest Sunday, to Candlemas Day on the 2nd of February, the festival was situated near the winter solstice, allowing it to borrow many of the rituals from the Norse ceremony. From the Yule log to the evergreen embellishments found in households and churches, and even to the festive Christmas feast itself, these practices were melded with the Saturnalia of the Romans to lay the foundation for the inaugural Christian commemoration.

The Symbolism of Saturnalia in Ancient Rome

In Rome, the Saturnalia season marked a time when the affluent would bestow gifts upon the impoverished as a tribute to the era of unbridled freedom during which the god of agriculture and time, Saturn, ruled over the known world. The Saturnalia commenced the week preceding the winter solstice. It continued for a month thereafter, signifying a time of unbridled self-indulgence and hedonistic abandon. It's worth noting that social, political, and economic oppression is prevalent in Western civilization. Ancient Rome was no exception, with its societal structure that included slaves. During the Saturnalia, however, the paradigm shifted as slaves became masters, commandeering the city and reveling in the festivities while their former masters waited on them.

Juvenalia and Mithras: The Lesser-Known Festivals of Winter Solstice

In addition to the Saturnalia, Rome observed yet another festival during the winter solstice - Juvenalia. This joyful celebration paid homage to Rome's children. On this occasion, Rome's elite class commemorated the birth of Mithras, the god of the unconquerable sun, on the 25th of December. For certain Romans, Mithras' natal day was the year's most revered and hallowed day.

From Midwinter Feast to Christmas

During the nascent stages of Christianity, the most exalted holiday was Easter. However, in the fourth century, the Church established a commemoration of Jesus' birth as an official holiday. Notably, the Bible doesn't specify a date for Jesus' arrival, prompting Pope Julius I to designate the 25th of December as the celebration's date. It is widely believed that the Church opted for this day to subdue or fuse the customs associated with the pagan Saturnalia festival. However, it was only half a millennium later that the expression Midwinter Feast gave way to the now-familiar term - Christmas.

So I ask you, what cherished custom or tradition do you hold dear, and how do you honor it during this season of light and renewal?

Beneath the falling snow and the growing darkness, we honor the winter solstice and the wheel's turning. With reverence and gratitude, we thank the spirits of the earth and sky and welcome the returning light that will guide us through the season ahead. May this time of reflection and renewal fill our hearts with peace, and may we carry the wisdom and insight gained on this sacred night into the days and weeks to come. 

Blessings of rest, rejuvenation, and health 💙

Warmly,

Anny

Kindly note: The information included in this blog is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for mental health services. Please consult with a qualified professional to determine the appropriateness of the information for your own life experiences or if you have any questions. 

References 

Matthews, J. (2003). The Winter Solstice: The Sacred Traditions of Christmas. Quest Books.

Cartwright, M. (2016). Saturnalia. Ancient History Encyclopedia.

Cavendish, R. (1983). Man, myth and magic: the illustrated encyclopedia of mythology, religion and the unknown. Marshall Cavendish.